ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the clinical medications in elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases.Methods The medical records were extracted and statistically analyzed in 386 elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases in Department of Vasculocardiology of our hospital.Results The primary hypertension,coronary heart disease,and arrhythmias were the most common cardiovascular diseases in elderly patients.The most frequently prescribed medications were calcium channel blockers,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,and traditional Chinese medicine compound preparations,which accounted for 28.2％,21.5％ and 19.4％,respectively.The drug combination therapy is often used in clinical practice,and the proportion of four,five,≥ six drugs combination therapy was 16.6％,21.2％ and 29.0％,respectively.Conclusions It is important to pay more attention to reducing adverse reactions and improving the rationality and safety of the drugs combination therapy in the treatment of senile cardiovascular diseases.
ABSTRACT
Objective This work aimed to observe averaged electromyogram(AEMG)changes in surface electromyography(sEMG)of thigh muscles and lumbar multifidus muscles in different states of squat training. Then,to find out which is the most effective for squat training. Methods A total of 46 healthy volunteers were selected and divided into two groups,namely,with and without leaning against the wall.sEMG was used to record vastus lateralis muscle,vastus medialis muscle,biceps femoris muscle,and lumbar multifidus muscles at differ-ent knee flexion angles(30°,45°,60°,and 75°). AEMG was analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of vari-ance. Results Different knee flexion angles exerted significant effects on AEMG of all tested muscles(P <0.001).Whether leaning against the wall to squat had a significant impact on AEMG of biceps femoris muscle,but not on vastus lateralis muscle,vastus medialis muscle and lumbar multifidus muscles. Significant difference was detected in interactions of knee flexion angle,and the same to the factor of with and without leaning against the wall on examined AEMG of the thigh muscle,but not for lumbar multifidus muscles. Multiple comparisons showed,the AEMG level of the tested muscles was significantly increased when the knee flexion angles was 75°. Conclusions With increased knee flexion angle,muscle activation has enheanced for vastus lateralis muscle, vastus medialis muscle,biceps femoris muscle and lumbar multifidus muscles. Squatting without leaning against the wall exerts a more marked influence on activation of biceps femoris muscle,but no activation for vastus lateralis muscle,vastus medialis muscle and lumbar multifidus muscles.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system existed in bone tissue. Recent studies on antihypertensive drugs found that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor type antihypertensive drug was possibly effective for osteoporosis. Perindopril is one of the commonly used antihypertensive drugs. Whether perindopril affected bone metabolism or could be used in anti-osteoporosis has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To observe effects of perindopril on bone metabolism in a rat model of osteoporosis induced by retinoic acid. METHODS: Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, with ten in each group. In the model group and each perindopril groups, rats were intragastricaly administered retinoic acid solution 80 mg/kg per day. After successful model establishment, rats in different perindopril groups were intragastrical y administered perindopril 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg per day, once a day, for 42 consecutive days. In the normal control and model groups, rats were given an equal volume of distil ed water. Serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, bone mass and bone mineral density were detected in each group. Expression of bone specific alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase mRNA in bone tissue was determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, after treatment with perindopril, serum calcium and phosphorus levels were increased, alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly decreased, bone mass and bone mineral density were obviously increased in rats with retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis. Expression of bone specific alkaline phosphatase mRNA was higher in the perindopril 8 mg/kg group than in the perindopril 2 and 4 mg/kg groups and model group. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase mRNA expression was higher in the perindopril 8 mg/kg group than in the model group. These results indicated that perindopril could improve partial bone metabolic biochemical markers in osteoporosis rats, promoted bone formation by up-regulating bone specific alkaline phosphatase mRNA expression, and had a certain preventive effect on retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis.